Characteristics | Intervention N = 44 | Control N = 42 | p.value* | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Sex | Male | 27 (61.4%) | 22 (52.4%) | 0.400 |
Female | 17 (38.6%) | 20 (47.6%) | ||
Underlying diseases | Diabetes | 15 (34.1%) | 13 (31.0%) | 0.756 |
Cardiovascular disease | 12 (27.3%) | 14 (33.3%) | 0.541 | |
Hypertension | 19 (43.2%) | 20 (47.6%) | 0.679 | |
Renal disease | 2 (4.5%) | 0 (0%) | 0.495 | |
Liver disease | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | – | |
Others | 1 (2.3%) | 3 (7.1%) | 0.355 | |
Smoking | Non-smoker | 27 (61.4%) | 27 (64.3%) | 0.699 |
Ex-smoker | 9 (20.5%) | 10 (23.8%) | ||
Smoker | 8 (18.2%) | 5 (11.9%) | ||
O2 saturation < 85 | 22 (52.4%) | 20 (48.8%) | 0.743 | |
Age (year); mean ± standard deviation | 56.2 ± 17.5 | 61.3 ± 17.3 | 0.174 |